ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among workers in a shipyard. METHODS: A total of 496 workers in a large shipyard in Guangdong Province were selected as research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Disorders was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in various regions of the body in the past year.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the potential influencing factors of WMSDs in the frequently affected body parts. RESULTS: The prevalence of WMSDs was 70.2%(348/496). The prevalence rates of WMSDs in different body regions were: lower back/waist(43.1%), neck(29.4%), shoulder(29.0%), hand/wrist(25.4%), knee(22.4%), hip/leg(14.3%), ankle/foot(12.1%), upper back(11.3%) and elbow(9.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that increased risk of lower back/waist WMSDs occurred in workers who carry heavy objects>5.0 kg, who work in uncomfortable positions, who repeatedly perform the same work every day, and who repeatedly perform the same action using the lower limbs and ankles(P<0.05). Employees working ≤8 hours or more than 8 hours per day had higher risk of developing lower back/waist WMSDs compared with workers working 8-10 hours per day(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of WMSDs among workers in the shipyard is high.The lower back/waist WMSD is the most common one. The influencing factors include work organization and adverse ergonomic factors.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the occurrence of ADR induced by over-the-counter(OTC)drug in order to guide the rational use of drugs. METHODS:45 cases of ADR induced by OTC drug were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patient's gen-eral information,allergic history,allergenic drugs,reason for drug use,route of administration,incubation period,days of hospi-talization,clinical manifestation,treatment,outcome,etc. RESULTS:Among 45 patients,there were 14 male and 31 female. The patients were mainly 20-30 year-old(31.1%). Three patients had previous history of allergy(6.7%). Most ADR were induced by oral drugs(82.2%). Reasons for drug use were mainly disease of respiratory system(23 cases,51.1%). The results of causality as-sessment were positive in 3 patients(6.7%),probable in 35(n=77.8%),and possible in 7 patients(15.6%). ADR were mainly induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs,57.8%),Chinese patent medicine (20.0%),drugs for external use (17.8%). The clinical manifestations mainly included exanthematous drug eruption (33.3%),erythama multiforme drug eruption (24.4%),urticarial drug eruption(13.3%). CONCLUSIONS:NSAIDs are the main allergenic drugs,and ADR induced by OTC traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. To improve medical knowledge and skills of the public and the scientific use of OTC drug are beneficial to improve the clinical treatment level.